While the immense wealth of the Nizam Dynasty of Hyderabad —especially the legendary diamonds and extravagant lifestyle—often grabs headlines, the Nizams of Hyderabad also played a significant role in the development and modernization of the region.
To clarify the connection between diamonds and the Nizams, it is important to understand that the Golconda diamond mines were under the control of the Nizams. These mines were considered to be the most resourceful diamond mines at that time. Stories of diamonds like the Jacob Diamond, The Seraphim Blue Diamond and The Hope Diamond being part (at one time) of the Nizam’s diamond collection abound.
There is no doubt that the Nizam Dynasty of Hyderabad, had the welfare of Hyderabad in their heart. Here are some key contributions they made to the prosperity of Hyderabad:
1. Infrastructure and Urban Planning: The Nizams invested heavily in the development of infrastructure. Hyderabad got planned roads, bridges, and modern buildings. The Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar reservoirs were constructed under Nizam Osman Ali Khan to ensure a steady water supply and to prevent flooding after the Musi River flood of 1908.
2. Education and Institutions: The Nizams established premier educational institutions such as Osmania University in 1918, which was one of the first in India to offer higher education in an Indian language (Urdu).
3. Healthcare: Hospitals like the Osmania General Hospital and other public health facilities were established, improving healthcare for the local population.
4. Public Transport and Railways: The Nizam’s State Railways became a vital link between regions, promoting trade and movement. The Nizams also supported public transport within the city.
5. Secular Administration: Despite being Muslim rulers in a majority-Hindu region, the Nizams maintained a secular administration. High-ranking officials included Hindus, and this inclusive policy contributed to the region’s stability and development.
6. Industrial and Economic Growth: The Nizams encouraged industry and commerce, making Hyderabad one of the wealthiest princely states. They promoted textiles, mining (especially the rich Golconda diamond mines), and other local industries.
7. Architecture and Culture: The Nizams left behind a legacy of architectural beauty, such as Chowmahalla Palace, Falaknuma Palace, and the Nizam’s Museum, and fostered a rich cultural scene in art, literature, and music.